The Rise Of Christianity And Religion Religion Essay Essays

The Rise Of Christianity And Religion Religion Essay Essays The Rise Of Christianity And Religion Religion Essay Essay The Rise Of Christianity And Religion Religion Essay Essay Christianity is a faith that developed from within Judaism and in which there is belief in merely one God. Christianity spread easy but steadily in the Roman Empire. The rise of Christianity was a powerful beginning. Teachings from Jesus, what Christianity had to offer, the persecution of Christians, and Constantine accepting Christianity were factors that led to the rise and success of Christianity. Rome took control of the Judaic Kingdom in A.D. 6 and made it portion of the Roman Empire. A few Jews, nevertheless, believed that they would one time once more be freed. Many Jews believed that God would direct a savior known as the Messiah who would reconstruct the Judaic Kingdom. That Messiah was named Jesus Christ. Jesus was born sometime around 6-4 B.C. , in the town of Bethlehem in Judea. Jesus was a public curate ; many of Jesus s instructions came from Judaic traditions. Jesus went from town to town and distribute his instructions and thoughts to people. He ignored the fact of wealth and position and cared more that his instructions had a particular entreaty peculiarly to the hapless. Jesus taught people that God had a personal relationship with each human being. He taught that people should love God, their neighbours, their enemies, and even themselves. He said, Blessed are the meek, for they shall inherit the Earth. Even though Jesus was going more popular, it was his dec ease and Resurrection that led people to believe that he was the Messiah. The Grecian word Christos means Messiah or savior and the word Christianity comes from the word Christ. Christian religion spread because it embraced all people and gave hope to the powerless. Christianity offered a personal relationship with God. This particularly appealed to the hapless because there was no cost to follow the faith. With other faiths, people had to do forfeits to be portion of that faith. Forfeits cost money which the hapless could non afford. However, with Christianity, the hapless were able to follow their faith without giving up anything or paying for forfeits. Christian religion was besides successful in distributing because it promised ageless life after decease. This appealed to many people. Other faiths promised merely as many old ages in the hereafter as a individual had lived. For illustration, if a individual lived for 70 old ages, they would merely acquire 70 old ages of goodness in his hereafter. In Christianity, it did non count how long you lived or the sort of life you led. God would forgive a individual s wickednesss and he would still acquire illustriousness in his ageless hereafter. Although Christianity was turning, the Roman Leaders became angry with Christians for non idolizing the Roman Gods. Christians refused to believe in any other Gods but their God. Roman swayers had more and more Christians persecuted as the Pax Romana crumbled. The swayers had the Christians exiled, imprisoned, and even executed for non believing in the Roman Gods. Some swayers even used the Christians as whipping boies. Regardless of the persecution of the followings, Christianity became a powerful force. Those people who were persecuted by the Romans were considered sufferer or people who were willing to give their lives for a belief or cause. Constantine, the Roman Emperor, was contending three challengers for leading of Rome. Before the conflict, Constantine prayed for aid. He claimed that he saw an image of a cross, the symbol of Christianity. He so ordered craftsmans to paint the Christian symbol on his soldiers shields. Flavius valerius constantinus and his ground forces were winning in the conflict. Constantine so credited his success largely to the aid of the Christian God. Constantine now accepted Christianity, so he announced an terminal to the persecution of the Christians. He so wanted Christianity to be one of the faiths approved by the emperor. Christianity continued to turn strongly. Later Emperor Theodosius declared Christianity the official faith of the Empire. Overall, the rise of Christianity was successful because it had so much to offer to people. There came good wagess that other faiths did non hold. It was free to follow Christianity ; other faiths made people sacrifice or wage. Since more Christians were persecuted, more people recognized what those people were contending for. The Christians were non traveling to allow some other swayers tell them what to believe and what non to believe. Even though Christians were persecuted for non idolizing the Roman Gods, those people sacrificed their lives to demo other people what their beliefs were and what their faith was. In the terminal, Christianity was successful because the emperor Theodosius made Christianity the Empire s official faith.

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds

Understanding the Glow of Noctilucent Clouds Each summer, people who live at high latitudes north and south of the equator are treated to a fantastically beautiful phenomenon called noctilucent clouds. These arent clouds in the normal way we understand them. The clouds were more familiar with are generally made of water droplets that have formed around particles of dust. Noctilucent clouds are generally made of ice crystals that formed around tiny dust particles in fairly cold temperatures. Unlike most clouds that float fairly close to the ground, they exist at heights up to 85 kilometers above the surface of our planet, high in the atmosphere that sustains life on Earth. They may look like thin cirrus that we can see throughout the day or night but are generally only visible when the Sun is no more than 16 degrees below the horizon. Clouds of the Night The term noctilucent means night-shining and it describes these clouds perfectly. They cant be seen during the day due to the brightness of the Sun. However, once the Sun sets, it illuminates these high-flying clouds from below. This explains why they can be seen in deep twilight. They typically have a bluish-white color and look very wispy. The History of Noctilucent Cloud Research Noctilucent clouds were first reported in 1885 and are sometimes linked with the eruption of the famous volcano, Krakatoa in 1883. However, its not clear that the eruption caused them - theres no scientific evidence to prove it one way or another. Their appearance may simply be coincidental. The idea that volcanic eruptions cause these clouds was heavily researched and eventually disproved in the 1920s. Since then, atmospheric scientists have studied noctilucent clouds using balloons, sounding rockets, and satellites. They seem to occur pretty frequently and are quite beautiful to observe. How Do Noctilucent Clouds Form? The ice particles that make up these shimmering clouds are quite small, only about 100 nm across. That many times smaller than the width of a human hair. They form when tiny particles of dust- possibly from bits of micro-meteors in the upper atmosphere- are coated with water vapor and frozen high in the atmosphere, in a region called the mesosphere. During local summer, that region of the atmosphere can be quite cold, and the crystals form at about -100 ° C. Noctilucent cloud formation seems to vary as the solar cycle does. In particular, as the Sun emits more ultraviolet radiation, it interacts with water molecules in the upper atmosphere and breaks them apart. That leaves less water to form the clouds during times of increased activity. Solar physicists and atmospheric scientists are tracking solar activity and noctilucent cloud formation to better understand the connection between the two phenomena. In particular, they are interested in learning why changes in these peculiar clouds dont show up until about a year after UV levels change. Interestingly, when NASAs space shuttles were flying, their exhaust plumes (which were nearly all water vapor) froze high in the atmosphere and created very short-lived mini noctilucent clouds. The same thing has happened with other launch vehicles since the shuttle era. However, launches are few and far between. The phenomenon of noctilucent clouds predates launches and aircraft. However, the short-lived noctilucent clouds from launch activities provide more data points about the atmospheric conditions that help them form. Noctilucent Clouds and Climate Change There may be a connection between the frequent formation of noctilucent clouds and climate change. NASA and other space agencies have been studying Earth for many decades and observing  the effects of global warming. However, the evidence is still being gathered, and the link between the clouds and warming remains a relatively controversial suggestion. Scientists are following up on all the evidence to see if there is a definite link. One possible theory is that methane (a greenhouse gas implicated in climate change) migrates to the area of the atmosphere where these clouds form. Greenhouse gases are thought to force temperature changes in the mesosphere, causing it to cool down. That cooling would contribute to the formation of ice crystals that make up the noctilucent clouds. An increase in water vapor (also due to human activities that produce greenhouse gases) would be part of the noctilucent cloud connection to climate change. Much work needs to be done to prove these connecti ons. Regardless of how these clouds form, they remain a favorite of sky watchers, particularly sunset-gazers and amateur observers. Just as some people chase eclipses or remain out late at night to see meteor showers, there are many who live in the high northern and southern latitudes and actively seek out the sight of noctilucent clouds. Theres no doubt of their magnificent beauty, but they are also an indicator of activities in our planets atmosphere.

Your Ideal Family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Your Ideal Family - Essay Example As the term ‘ideal’ meant â€Å"satisfying one’s conception of what is perfect; most suitable† (Oxford University Press, 2014), for me, an ideal family should be balanced; meaning, aside from the presence of both parents, siblings should be at least two. But due to China’s one child policy which was previously mandated as a means to prevent population explosion, my parents adhered to the rule. Therefore, being an only daughter did not fit my definition and concept of an ideal family. I would have wanted at least one sibling to share childhood experiences and a common bond to express the love, caring and support that I received from my parents. From my personal perspective, I strongly believe that some forces that affect families include internal and external forces. Internal forces are the values, beliefs and philosophies of each family member, as individuals, that shape one’s personality. Of course, I affirm that each individual was raised in a different familial environment which makes experiences and belief systems distinct and unique. Likewise, external forces that affect families include the political system, economic and financial condition, social factors (how people within the community related to each other), technological factors, and environmental factors. All of these factors have affected my family. For the social forces, it was emphasized that the following factors were noted to affect families: education, housing, employment, childhood cultural trends (Ryan, 2014). For instance, internal forces, which were described as the value systems of each of my parent, have affected the way I was raised. My father had been more of a disciplinarian and exhibited a more authoritative style. In contrast, my mother is very democratic in her parenting style. Therefore, there were instances where my father and mother expressed contrasting views on the way to address some concerns and issues on raising me or in solving problems. The

Florence Nightingale and her Philosophy of Nursing Term Paper

Florence Nightingale and her Philosophy of Nursing - Term Paper Example The reason she observed was absence of sanitation, lack of food and warmth for the wounded soldiers. After enduring with these circumstances she formed a theory which was successful and is practiced and followed by many. The main focus of her theory was on the environment and the patient’s reaction to it. Her belief was, if alternation in the surroundings are made nature helps patient to heal. The foundation of her theory depended upon environment, patient, health and nursing. NURSING THEORIES: A general view Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, models, propositions and sometimes even assumptions derived from nursing models, to acquire the knowledge regarding patient’s health and betterment. Nursing theories aims to identify and predict the phenomena of nursing. The theories of nursing assist the nurses to describe, explain and predict everyday experiences as well guide to review interventions and evaluation of the nursing care system. FLORENCE AND HER THEORY OF NURSING Florence Nightingale’s theories were basically regarding the ideal nursing requirements and one of the essential requirement was of course the â€Å"home sister† and after that practice of the skills required by the profession, for this purpose she wrote two articles, â€Å"Nursing the sick† and â€Å"Nursing, training of†, her aim was to combine the training from the wards and supervise learners abilities and moral development. The home sister’s duty in fact is to train the nurses, however Florence herself, was the nurse trained without the Home sister. â€Å"Observation tells how the patient is; reflection tells what is to be done; training tells how it is to be done. Training and experience are, of course, necessary to teach us, too, how to observe, what to observe; how to think, what to think† (Nightingale, 1882). She explained her environmental theory in her book â€Å"What it is and what it is not† According to Florence process of learning should carry on from the initial formal training and it should never be discontinued because nursing requires a solid educational base. It is however, quite surprising that Florence fought against the idea of requirement of license for the nursing professionals as it would undeniably affect their training and will be a cause of self-importance for the nurses where as actually this profession wants a feature of kind heartedness and down towards earth temperament. Profession of nursing should be considered as a higher calling other then just a profession, was Florence’s vie w, and that can just be secured when a nurse recognizes her responsibilities for the well being of the patient because nursing is

Walt Whitman: Homoeroticism in Leaves of Grass Essay -- Poetry Analysi

Leaves of Grass is Walt Whitman’s life legacy and at the same time the most praised and condemned book of poetry. Although fearful of social scorn, there are several poems in Leaves of Grass that are more explicit in showing the homoerotic imagery, whereas there are several subtle – should I say â€Å"implicit† – images woven into the fabric of the book. It is not strange, then, that he created many different identities in order to remain safe. What Whitman faced in writing his poetry was the difficulty in describing and resonating manly and homosexual love. He was to find another voice of his, a rhetoric device, and his effort took two forms: simplified, and subverted word play. The first was to understand and render the experience in everyday terms, as in the poem Behold This Swarthy Face. Whitman puts emphasis on masculinity â€Å"in this swarthy face, these gray eyes† (149), and other words, too, are expressive enough to explain to the reader what kind of person is to be loved. What is not as subtle as in some other of Whitman’s poems is the idea in the second part of the poem: â€Å"And I on the crossing of the street or on the ship’s deck give a kiss in / return† (149) – the meeting of the two is to be recognized anywhere, be it on the street or on a ship's deck. When it comes to the second form, Davidson notices that â€Å"The other and far more prevalent form of presented homoerotic love was by means of terms of oppression, subversion† (54). Exemplar poem of this form is Not Heaving from My Ribb’d Breast Only. In it the lyrical subject is trapped in fears and must break out of suppression in order to be himself. In the end of the poem there is a sudden release: â€Å"O pulse of my life! / Need I that you exist and show yourself any more than in... ...d Bergman, David. Choosing Our Fathers: Gender and Identity in Whitman, Ashbery and Richard Howard. American Literary History 1.2 (1989): 383-403. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012. Davidson, Edward H.. The Presence of Walt Whitman. Journal of Aesthetic Education 17.4 (1983): 41-63. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012. Herrman, Steven B.. Walt Whitman and the Homoerotic Imagination. Jung Journal: Culture & Psyche 1.2 (2007): 16-47. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012. Maslan, Mark. Whitman and His Doubles: Division and Union in Leaves of Grass and Its Critics. American Literary History 6.1 (1994): 119-139. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012. Metzer, David. Reclaiming Walt: Marc Blitzstein’s Whitman Settings. Journal of the American Musicological Society 48.2 (1995): 240-271. JSTOR. Web. 29 March 2012. Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. Pennsylvania: the Pennsylvania State University, 2007. Print.

Presence of Depression in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease

Presence of Depression in Patients Diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder which is associated with cognitive and memory deterioration, progressive impairment of activities of daily living, a variety of neuropsychiatric symptoms and behavioral disturbances (Robinson). This disease is seen in about 2-4 million Americans and is usually occurs after the age of 65 years (Robinson).According to Teri and Wagner (1992) there is growing agreement among physicians that Alzheimer’s disease is often accompanied by mood and behavior disturbances, especially depression. Depression and Alzheimer’s dementia are two separate disorders, one is disorder of affect other disorder of cognition (Terri, & Wagner 1992). Despite this, depression and dementia share a number of characteristics and frequently coexist. Impact of Associated Depression with Alzheimer’s disease on Patients and Caregivers According to Terry & Wagner (1992) depression is one of the most frequent comorbidpsychiatric disorders in Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, and is associated with poor quality of life, great degree of disability in activities of daily living, a faster cognitive decline, a high rate of nursing home placement and high mortality rate. AD patients with coexistent depression exhibit significantly more functional disability due to presence of depressive symptoms like: dysphoric mood, vegetative signs, social withdrawal, loss of interest, feelings of guilt and worthlessness, and suicidal ideation etc (Terry, & Wagner 1992).According to Newcomer, Yordi, DuNah, Fox, & Wilkinson (1999) depression in the patient is often a major source of stress, burden, and depression for care providers Caregivers of people with dementia and depression have been shown to experience depression, anger, anxiety, guilt, and to report negative attitudes toward the patient and other family members All these problems in patients with AD and depression can lead to massively increased health care costs (Terry and Wagner, 1992). Assessment of the Problem Gathering data on depression in order to accurately assess the prevalence of depressionamongst the patients suffering from AD is a very difficult problem due to many reasons as mentioned below: Lack of established procedures to ascertain depressive symptoms in AD: Absence of a standardized procedure for assessment of depression in patients with AD was probably the main factor which has contributed to the variable rates of depression (15%-86%) in different studies (Terri, & Wagner 1992). Different versions of the DSM III [1980] and DSM-III-R [1987] criteria were used in various studies which gave rise to different rates of prevalence of depression in patients with Alzheimer’s disease.AD and depression are now often clearly defined by using well-accepted diagnostic criteria, such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3r d ed. , rev. (DSM-III-R); and the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke/Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA), and well-established measures spanning the range of self-report and interviewer assessment (Terri, & Wagner, 1992).Other more established measures are also been used now, including the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Using DSM-III-R criteria, Teri, and Wagner (1991) reported prevalence of depression among AD patients in their study as 29%.. Overlap of symptoms between depression and AD: Since there can be overlap of symptoms between the two, it is difficult to attribute the symptom to a particular disorder. This overlap can often confound the diagnosis of depression (Terri, & Wagner 1992).Existent measures can identify the presence of specific symptomatology, but they cannot clarify its cause. For e. g. : a person might be experiencing â€Å"loss of interest,† Now this loss could be due to the cognitive deterioration of dementia or due to anhedonia (loss of pleasure) related to depression.. Thus it becomes very difficult to differentiate dementia from depression in some cases. The primary source from which the history of depressive symptoms is obtained:According to number of studies (Gilley, et al. 1996; Teri, & Wegner1991) the traditional methods of obtaining history about depressive symptoms like patient interview and self reporting questionnaires might not prove accurate to assess the patient’s symptoms as the patient with Alzheimer’s disease might be suffering from significant cognitive impairment. As a result of this cognitive impairment AD patients are unable to provide accurate information about their symptoms of depression .As an alternative to patient-report methods, the use of collateral informants (patient’s care provider) to ascertain depressive symptomatology in cognitively impaired patients has been em ployed nowadays. In 1991 Teri and Wegner conducted a study in AD patients to show that the reports given by the patients themselves indicated less depression than reports from either their caregivers or reports given by clinicians after clinical observation of the patient. .The results of their study indicated that most of the patients suffering from AD and dementia seemed to be unaware of their depression.Although the use of collateral informants seems to be an attractive alternative approach for the assessment of depression in AD patients, it is not without important potential limitations. Caregivers may be unavailable for many patients or the care provider may not be living with the patient (Terry &Wegner 1992). If the care provider does not stay with the patient he might not get an opportunity to routinely observe the patient and will not be able to provide accurate information. The relationship between the care-provider and the patient also needs to be considered.According to m any studies (Terri, & Wegner 1992; Gilley, et al. 1995) child or spouse of the patient has been identified as the most accurate informant. Inaccurate data may be obtained if other sources of collateral informants are used. Caregivers may also provide inaccurate history as they may rely more on observable behaviors than on other sources of information because they are unable to evaluate the patient's emotional state, or conversely, caregivers may rely more on inference, using their subjective beliefs to evaluate how the patient is feeling (Teri& Wegner 1991).In cases where the care provider is not available, it typically becomes the responsibility of the clinician to make a diagnosis of depression. However clinician’s diagnosis is based on brief periods of patient’s observation and thus might not yield accurate results (Terri & Wegner 1992). Effect of Depression on Cognitive Deficits Associated with AD. Pronounced episodic memory impairment is one of the cardinal manife stations of AD. Depression on its own is also related with some amount of memory loss.Since both depression and AD have been found to result in memory deficits, it may be hypothesized that the simultaneous occurrence of both these diseases would add to the memory problems resulting from AD alone (Terry & Wagner 1992). Many neuropathological and clinical studies have attempted to determine whether the existence of one disorder predisposes an individual to the development of the other and whether the cognitive deficits seen in AD become more pronounced if the person also suffers from depression.The results of the study performed by Fahlander, Berger & Wahlin (1999) indicated that depression does not further impair episodic memory performance in patients with AD. This result was in agreement with a prior research done by Backman, Hassing, Forsell, and Viitanen (1996) who determined the co morbidity effects of AD and depression on episodic memory performance in very old persons (90-100 years of age) with and without dementia and depression. Overall, Backman, et al. found no differences between depressed patients and healthy old controls or between patients with AD and depression and those with AD alone.Backman, et al explained this finding as follows: Symptoms of depression which are most likely to exert negative effects on memory include motivational and attention factors like lack of interest, loss of energy, concentration difficulties etc. Some amount of memory impairment is already present among AD patients as a result of similar symptoms like lack of interest, loss of energy etc associated with dementia. Therefore, a diagnosis of major depression may not cause further impairment of memory in persons suffering from AD.Backman, et al also suggested that although depression influences memory performance in normal aging individuals, in dementia, this effect seems to be overshadowed by the neurodegenerative changes of AD itself . Backman, et al reached a conclusio n that since such symptoms are more likely to be part of normal aging in the 90’s compared with earlier decades, the effects of major depression on memory would be more prevalent among younger old persons(in7-8th decade of life) as compared to the oldest old(in 9-10th decade of life).Tests for Differentiating Alzheimer’s disease and Depression. Utility of the Fuld profile in the differentiation of AD and depression: Bornstein, Termeer, Longbrake, Heger, & North (1989) have examined the incidence of Fuld profile in a sample of patients diagnosed to be suffering from major depression. Fuld’s profile refers to a pattern of performance on the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R) that appears to be associated with cholinergic deficits and thus is found to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (Bornstein, et al).Since a large number of patients with AD have been seen to show negative profiles, a negative profile does not prove that AD is not present. Bo rnstein, et al. have suggested that one should not rely on the results obtained from Fuld profile to make a diagnosis of AD. A diagnosis of AD should be made only after a thorough medical and neurological history and a complete neuropsychological examination. According to Bornstein, et al this profile was significantly less frequent in the depressed patients as compared to that reported in previous studies in Alzheimer's disease patients.The study by Bornstein, et al does provide some support regarding the diagnostic specificity of the Fuld profile in diagnosis of depression. Although this study and previous data are encouraging, considerable further investigation is needed to document the specificity and diagnostic contribution of this profile for diagnosis of depression. Measurement of a potential biological marker in the CSF: Increased CSF concentrations of phosphorylated brain protein called tau protein, has been seen in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Phosphorylated t au protein (ptau) has been suggested as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease.Since the levels of this protein are not elevated in patients with depression, measurement of this biological marker in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) can diagnose patients with AD and thus help in differentiating them from those suffering from depression. (Vernon 2003). Treatment of Depression in Alzheimer’s Disease Patient Treatment of Alzheimer's disease has proved to be quite difficult. . The disease is progressive and use of drugs (like cholinesterase inhibitors) just help in bringing about a little improvement (20-30%) in cognitive symptoms (Zepf 2005).However the drugs used for improving cognitive functions have no effect on the depressive symptoms. Treatment of depression must form an important part of the overall treatment of this disease. This is so as treatment of depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease can have a significant impact on the well-being of these patients as well as their ca re givers [Lyketsos, et al. 2003 (as cited in Miller 2004)]. Continuing research is taking place in order to treat depression in AD patients. Many drugs have been tried to treat depression among patients with AD.Drugs like tricyclic antidepressants often used in cases of depression without AD are usually avoided in patients with AD, owing to their anticholinergic properties (Zepf, 2005). Lyketsos et al, 2003 (as cited in Miller 2004) showed the drug sertraline (selective seratonin uptake inhibitor) to be much superior as compared to placebo in treatment of depression in patients with AD. According to USA Today (Society for advancement of education) the drug sertraline (Zoloft) significantly improves the quality of life and prevents disruption in daily activities for patients of Alzheimer's disease with depression.Use of this drug has been shown to lessen the behavioral disturbances and improve the activities of daily living but has no effect on patients' cognitive abilities, such as thinking, remembering and learning. Conclusion Despite the great deal of research which has recently taken place in the field of Alzheimer’s disease with depression, more research is still required in this field as the physicians are still are not clear about the pathophysiology of AD or about the exact prevalence of depression in patients of AD or it’s etiology.The questions of whether depression and dementia are similar or different, whether one leads to the other or whether their coexistence has any etiological significance are far from resolved. The complete knowledge and understanding in this field will help the physicians in developing effective treatment strategies for care of such patients. Once the psychologists are able to understand the risk factors for coexistent depression in dementia and find its effective cure, they would be able to significantly improve the quality of life of the patients as well as their care providers and greatly reduce the health ca re costs.Several questions regarding the management of depression in AD still need to be answered. The comparative efficacy of anti-depressants from various classes still needs to be explored by performing larger clinical trials. Role of non-pharmacological methods for treatment of depression also needs to be explored. Further research and studies are required in future to address these topics. The number of studies at present is quite small and the need for further investigation in future persists. References Backman, L. , Massing, L. , Forsell, Y. , & Viitanen, M. (1996). Episodic Remembering in apopulation-based Sample of Nonagenarians: Does major depression exacerbate the memory deficits seen in alzheimer's disease? Psychology and Aging, 2(4),649-657. Bornstein, R. A. , Termeer, J. , Longbrake, K. , Heger, M. , & North, R. (1989). WAIS-R Cholinergic Deficit Profile in Depression. Psychological Assessment, 1(4), 342-344. Fahlander, K. , Berger, A. K. , Wahlin, A. ,& Backman, L. ( 1999). Depression does not aggravate the episodic memory deficits associated with alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology, 13 (4), 532-538. Gilley,D. W. , Wilson R. S. , Fleischman D. A. , Harrison, D. W. , Goetz, C.G. , & Tanner, C. M. (1995). Impact of Alzheimer's-Type Dementia and Information Source on the Assessment of Depression. Psychological Assessment, 7(1), 42-48. Miller, E. K. (2004). Depression in patients with Alzheimer's disease. American Family Physician. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_3_69/ai_112915116 Newcomer, R. , Yordi, C. , DuNah, R. , Fox, P. , & Wilkinson, A. (1999). Effects of the Medicare alzheimer's disease demonstration on caregiver burden and depression: The medicare alzheimer's disease demonstration program. Health Services Research.Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m4149/is_3_34/ai_55610150 Robinson, R. Alzheimer's disease. Encyclopedia of Medicine. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_g2601/is_0000/ai_2601000053 Teri, L. , & Wagner, A. W. (1991). Assessment of depression in patients with Alzheimer's Disease: Concordance among informants. Psychology and Aging, 6(2), 280-285. Teri, L. , & Wagner, A. (1992). Alzheimer's disease and depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 60(3), 379-391. USA Today. (Society for advancement of education). (2003).Antidepressant slows patient decline: Alzheimer's Disease. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is_2701_132/ai_109085096 Vernon, H. (2003). Hemoxymed’s diagnostic test in development is useful in differentiating patients with Alzheimer's disease from patients with geriatric major depression. Business wire. Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from http://www. highbeam. com/doc/1G1-97485997. html Zepf, B. (2005). Drug therapy for patients with Alzheimer's disease. American family physicians Retrieved on 8 Nov 2006 from h ttp://www. findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m3225/is_10_71/ai_n13790924.

Feminism Is The Social, Political Movements And The Fight

Feminism is the social, political movements and the fight for gender equality for women. American women have made history and brought great change by striving for equality and social justice. Opportunities have been taken away from women due to their gender. The feminist movement has been divided into two waves, the first wave which was in the nineteenth century and the second wave which started in the 1960s. This research paper will examine the biography of Susan B. Anthony and Sojourner Truth in the first wave of feminism and how their life contributions have affected modern day women. Sojourner Truth was an African American abolitionist and women’s rights activist. Truth was born in November 26, 1797. She was born into slavery in†¦show more content†¦She had accomplished many things throughout her life. We will highlight some of the main areas where she impacted people with her brave contributions. According to biography.com, New York had just begun to mention the abolition of slavery in 1799, but this did not happen until 1827 and it was not soon enough for Truth. She decided to run away with her infant baby. She left her other children behind. Soon after Truth found out that her son which was 5 years old was illegally sold to a slave owner in Alabama, she then had the help of the family she was staying with and took the case to court where she won the case and was the first African American woman to win a case against a white man. In 1843, Truth named herself Sojourner Truth because she devoted her life to Methodism and anti-slavery. Truth then w ent on to join a group named the Northampton Association of Education which was funded by abolitionists and people who were also fighting for the rights of women and slavery. That is where Truth gave her first speech called â€Å"Aint I a Woman† She continued to have rallies of large crowds where she directly would speak about problems and write speeches to help convey her message. According to world bibliographies, â€Å"Her life story, Narrative of Sojourner Truth, cowritten with Olive Gilbert, was published in 1850. She then headed west and made stops in town after town to speak about her experiences as a slave and her eventual freedom. Her colorful and down-to-earth style oftenShow MoreRelatedPatriarchy And Gendered Inequality?1421 Words   |  6 PagesDo you agree that feminism remains a highly relevant ideology in its challenge to patriarchy and gendered inequality? The aim of this essay is to present some very important aspects of feminism as an ideology and its importance in today s world. It is commonly believed, that feminism is no longer needed and should be considered as successfully completed movement. 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